A California driver spends about $760 a year on repairs related to poorly performing roads, she added. The state is following the lead of Oregon, which has had an official road-charge program for a year, with some 1,000 participants.

In Pittsburgh, an old transit station became a hub for development thanks to federal grants and partnerships with urban redevelopment authorities and public schools. Panelists discussed alternative funding mechanisms, such as tax- increment financing, new-market tax credits and philanthropic grants.

The federal gasoline tax—once the traditional source for transportation funding—is “like an aging rock star,” said Baruch Feigenbaum, assistant director of transportation policy for the Reason Foundation, citing the metaphor of a longtime act that people have to admit is fading out.

The foundation advocates increasing the $15-billion cap on private activity bonds for projects and creating user fees for electric vehicles, he added.

A task force in the Puget Sound area released a report recommending the creation of a local transportation authority and consideration of funding approaches such as a pay-per-mile program. “Solutions should drive funding, not visa versa,” said Tim Boesch, principal planner with CDM Smith, which assembled the diverse task force.