Foundation repairs required extensive and prolonged dewatering. Construction access to the bridge on the water was severely limited because of the bridge’s proximity to a hydroelectric generating station, a historic horseshoe dam and a permanently closed lock. Three of the seven spans were inaccessible by water, while the remaining four were accessible by only small barges. To remove and replace the structural concrete and perform surface repairs, the team took a top-down approach with the help of an elaborate multilevel hanging scaffold system below the bridge. Large sandbags diverted river flow to allow rehabilitation of two piers, and for another four, the team used cofferdams. Although tower cranes limited loading on the bridge, they allowed for a downstream access lane and phased construction.